1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔 填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A，B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% × 10=20%)
1.Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols，”which was proposed by ____.
A. Chomsky B. Hall
C. Sapir D. Saussure
2.Of the following features,______is NOT a suprasegmental feature.
A. stress B. tone
C. intonation D. phoneme
3.The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called_______rules.
A. phonological B. morphological
C. syntactic D. semantic
4.In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase very curious of the answer is____.
A. very B. curious
C. the D. answer
5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze______meaning.
A. sentence B. utterance
C. lexical D. pragmatic
6.A_____analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.
A. syntactic B. semantic
C. pragmatic D. psycholinguistic
7.The work of the______marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-European language family.
A. British scholar Sir William Jones B. German linguist Franz Bopp
C. Danish scholar Rasmus Rask D. German scholar Jacob Grimm
8.There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and____, which is our linguistic performance.
A. communication B. comprehension
C. creation D. perception
9.When we speak, words are sent to_____, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.
A. Wernicke’s area B. Broca’s area
C. the angular gyrus D. the motor area
10. When children’s language develops towards the early______stage, negative words occur at the beginning of expressions, for example, “No mitten，”“No singing song”.
A. prelinguistic B. one-word
C. two-word D. multiword
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
II. Directions： Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a due. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X 10=10%)
11. Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker’s competence, not his p ，which is too haphazard to be studied.
12. The a rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme.
13. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s element.
14. A c_____ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.
15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s _restrictions.
16. According to John Austin, p _ were sentences which did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
17. Language change is largely a process of b _ between the simplification and the elaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need to maintain communicative clarity.
18. Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects, namely, r dialects, social dialects, and registers.
19. For most individuals, the l hemisphere is dominant for language.
20. Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case i_ motivation occurs.
III. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET, If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in the sense that it tells learners what they should say，or what is supposed to be correct usage.
22. The study of the speech sounds which distinguish meaning is called phonetics.
23. A bound root, often seen as part of a word, can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.
24. Pronoun is a major lexical category in the English language.
25. There are two aspects to sentence meaning: lexical meaning and semantic meaning.
26. The illocutionary point of representatives is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case，to the truth of what has been said.
27. Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from Middle English.
28. The sentence “He crazy” is acceptable in Black English vernacular because the absence of the copula “be” is an obvious feature of Black English.
29. According to Eric Lenneberg, prior to the completion of the lateralization process both brain hemispheres are involved to some extent in language.
30. It is widely recognized that children across cultures follow a similar route of development in acquiring their native language.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% X 10=30% )
31. productivity
32. phones
33. bound morphemes
34. universal grammar
35. entailment
36. commissives
37. blending
38. speech community
39. brain lateralization
40. Krashen’s learning
V.Directions ： Answer the following questions. (10% X 2=20% )
41. Explain the deletion rule with examples.
42. Please define semantic change and illustrate the major types of semantic change with examples.